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Authors
Okamoto, Shunsuke
Nakano, Tamaki
Shintani, Ayumi
Zhai, Zhihao
Sato, Takumi
Fuji, Misa
Sakai, Takahiko
Yamashita, Haruka
Nakagawa, Sayaka
Nishimura, Masahiro
Ishigaki, Shoichi
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Review Committee of the Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, the Faculty of Dentistry, and the Osaka University Dental Hospital (Approval No. R3-E21).
: All patients provided written informed consent for their data to be included in this study, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and with the approval of the institutional review board.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
