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Article History

Received: 10 November 2025

Accepted: 25 April 2026

First Online: 8 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of Kyushu University Hospital (CRB7180005) and was registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs072190038) prior to initiation. All participants were adequately informed about the study procedures and voluntarily provided written informed consent before enrollment. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Written informed consent for publication of anonymized clinical data and images was obtained from all participants at the time of study enrollment.

: This study was conducted as a specified clinical trial under the Japanese regulatory framework and was fully funded by GC Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Two of the authors (K.K. and Y.A.) are affiliated with the Division of Advanced Dental Devices and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, which is an endowed department supported by GC Corporation. One author (K.K.) receives a salary from this department. However, GC Corporation had no role in data analysis or interpretation. All aspects of the study were conducted independently by the authors in accordance with academic and ethical standards. The other authors declare no other competing interests.