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Authors
Sakaguchi, Wakako
Matsuura, Takanori
Cheng, James
Saito, Natsumi
Komatsu, Keiji
Ogawa, Takahiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DIO implant
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2026
Accepted: 26 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Commercially available human oral fibroblasts and epithelial cells were used in this study. All cell culture experiments were conducted in accordance with institutional biosafety regulations under a protocol approved by the UCLA Institutional Biosafety Committee (BUA-2022-036-002-CR).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
