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Authors
Uzma, Qudsia
Midhet, Farid
Khalid, Samina Naeem
Awais, Sayema
Thom, Ellen
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The manuscript is based on secondary analysis of the Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey 2019, hence the ethics approval and consent to participate is not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
