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Authors
S., Selvi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-8836
V., Valarmathi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0451-1905
S., Subash https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-7125
J. C., Helen Shaji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3006-2029
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
SRM Institute of Science & Technology
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: “The study followed the ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision).” Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the SRM Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC No: 8517/2023). Official clearance was obtained from the hospital administration. The parents or legal guardians of all enrolled preterm neonates signed the informed consent form after being fully informed. Participation was at the participants’ free will, and the confidentiality of the data was ensured at all times during the study. The data were kept in password-protected files and were only accessible to the research team.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
