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Article History

Received: 11 March 2025

Accepted: 10 April 2025

First Online: 23 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Hirakata Kohsai Hospital (approval number: 2022-009) and Kyoto Pharmaceutical University (approval number: E23-029). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. An opt-out approach was used, where information about the study was made available on the hospital website, and participants were provided the opportunity to refuse participation.

: Not applicable.

: RI received grants from Kowa Company Ltd., the Japan Pharmaceutical Association, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. YM received grants from Pfizer Japan Inc., Kowa Company Ltd., the Japan Pharmaceutical Association, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. YM is also a board member of the Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences and the Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control and a committee member of the AMR Clinical Reference Center. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. YM received grants from Pfizer Japan Inc., Kowa Company Ltd., the Japan Pharmaceutical Association, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. YM is also a board member of the Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences and the Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control and a committee member of the AMR Clinical Reference Center. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.