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Article History

Received: 24 April 2025

Accepted: 3 June 2025

First Online: 6 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used only anonymized administrative claims databases. This study was confirmed by the ethics committee of Kyoto Pharmaceutical University as it did not require an ethical review on January 21, 2025 (NR-00007).

: Not applicable.

: RI received funding for commissioned research from the Kowa Company, Ltd. However, this study was not directly related to that funding. YM received grants from Pfizer Japan Inc.; Kowa Company Ltd.; the Japan Pharmaceutical Association; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. YM is also a board member of the Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences and the Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control, and a committee member of the AMR Clinical Reference Center. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.