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Authors
Yagi, Yusuke
Arakawa, Yu
Hamada, Yukihiro
Yamagishi, Yuka
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25K13463)
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 25 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Kochi University School of Medicine (registration number: ERB-111871). All procedures adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethical Review Board of Kochi University School of Medicine because of the retrospective, observational nature of the study. Moreover, only medical and related information was used to conduct the study, with no invasive or other intervention performed on the patients. Information on the conduct of the study was disclosed and patients were given the opportunity to refuse participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
