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Article History

Received: 19 October 2025

Accepted: 30 January 2026

First Online: 3 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee for Human Subjects at Hoshi University (Approval No. 2024-31). Participation was entirely voluntary, and informed consent was deemed to be obtained upon completion and submission of the questionnaire. Participants were clearly informed that all data would be anonymized to protect privacy and used solely for statistical analyses.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.