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Article History

Received: 8 August 2024

Accepted: 2 December 2024

First Online: 7 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The Institutional Ethical Committee of University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan via letter no. IOB/182/2021, Dated 17/01/2021, approved the study before conducting the research on university students (followed standard 15 of Helsinki declaration). After explaining the study purpose and procedure, a written informed consent was obtained from each student, which was also approved by the same committee. The research was conducted with full transparency and every possible safety measure was taken to protect all participants from potential harms or contaminations (followed standard 4 of Helsinki declaration). The privacy and confidentiality of the study respondents (followed standard 11 of Helsinki declaration). The blood samples of all participants were collected under the supervision of a competent and appropriately qualified physician or other licensed health care professional, wherever applicable (followed standard 16 of Helsinki declaration). Although, the present study is not a randomized controlled trial, hence, the human ethics are not applicable to that extent. Only data on skipping breakfast and blood samples were collected without any personal information.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.