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Authors
Gao, Xiwang
Wang, Tingting
Xu, Sha
Chai, Xiuping
Wang, Pingfan
Gu, Huanhua
Ma, Hongna
Wang, Zhimin
Chang, Fangyuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Medical and Health Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province, China (202114010801)
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2024
Accepted: 24 March 2025
First Online: 8 April 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical review and approval were waived for this study because no additional institutional review board approval was required for secondary analysis. Details regarding IRB approval and conduct are available online at .
: The NHANES was authorized by the National Center for Health. The Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Committee and all participants provided written informed consent before participating.
: Consent for publication refers to consent for the publication of identifying images or other personal or clinical details of participants that compromise anonymity: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Not Applicable.
: The statements, opinions, and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contribu-tor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions, or products referred to in the content.
