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Authors
Permatasari, Tria Astika Endah
Chadirin, Yudi
Ernirita, Ernirita
Syafitri, Anisa Nurul
Fadhilah, Devina Alifia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Republic Indonesia (073/E5/PG.02.00/PL/2023)
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2023
Accepted: 22 April 2025
First Online: 13 May 2025
Declarations
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: This research has been approved by The Ethics Commission of Health Research of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta (approval number: 90/PE/KE/FKK-UMJ/VI/2023, approval date: 5 June 2023). Data collection was carried out by the main researcher and assisted by enumerators (students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta). In this study, the author confirms that all methods are carried out following the relevant guidelines and regulations (Helsinki Declaration). This research is not experimental or intervention research.
: Not applicable.
: was obtained from all individual participants included in this study. Participants were fully informed about the purpose, procedures, and potential risks of the research before they consented to take part. All participants voluntarily agreed to participate, and their rights to withdraw at any point were respected.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
