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Article History

Received: 27 February 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 13 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (The First Hospital of Zhejiang University Ethical Approval 2023 research No. 0142 – Fast).Because this study used retrospective medical records, we didnot obtain oral or writtenconsent from the participants. But to ensure that participants or their surrogates had the opportunity to decide whether they wished to decline participation in the study, opt-out information was posted on the homepage of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.If a patient declined to participate in the study, patient data were immediately discarded.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.