Toweet, Solomon Kimutai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-8913
Nyakundi, Caleb https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9142-1924
Okemwa, Sharonmercy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-3839
Ochieng, Evans Adrian Onyango https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-803X
Weru, Milka Waitherero https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3537-4789
Oguta, James Odhiambo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2401-9895
Wambiya, Elvis Omondi Achach https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4149-3417
Kibe, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9027-9054
Ng’ang’a, Loise https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-0780
Akoth, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-3490
Article History
Received: 21 August 2024
Accepted: 21 December 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study used secondary data from PMA surveys that had already received approval. Permission was obtained from the PMA to access and use its datasets for this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.