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Authors
Moretto, Francesca
Esposito, Teresa
Verdina, Federico
Fracazzini, Martina
Bertali, Luigi
Donnarumma, Marialuisa
Magli, Arianna Lucia
Minelli, Fabio
Zuliani, Marta
Barone, Bianca
Scotti, Lorenza
Riso, Sergio
Umbrello, Michele
Guido, Stefania
Prato, Federico
Cammarota, Gianmaria
Vaschetto, Rosanna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-4367
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy (protocol 584/CE—Study No. CE034/2024—14 May 2024).
: Not applicable.
: MU discloses relationships with Nestlé for Advisory board participation and with Baxter, Nutricia Danone, Fresenius Kabi for speaking fee. GC discloses relationships with Draeger for travel and accommodations. Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
