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Authors
Agedew, Eskeziyaw
Misker, Direslgne
Gelibo, Terefe
Bekele, Alemayehu
Makonnen, Eyasu
Tadele, Ashenif
Kerebih, Haregewoyin
Worku, Solomon
Mekonnen, Yalemtsehay
Belay, Adamu
Challa, Feyessa
Awoke, Temesgen
Gemeda, Negero
Kassa, Said
Debella, Asfaw
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Former, Ministry of Innovation and Technology (Gov/MOE/ET/01/08)
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (IRB of EPHI; reference EPHI 6.13/796). Data were collected anonymously, with no personal identifiers recorded. A letter of support was secured from the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) Health Bureau to facilitate the study. In line with the ethical principles of autonomy, potential risks, benefits, and confidentiality were clearly communicated to participants through the informed consent form. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to questionnaire administration and blood sample collection. The anonymity and confidentiality of respondents’ data were strictly maintained throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
