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Authors
Ritchie, Lorrene D.
McLain, Alexander C.
Dowda, Marsha
Pate, Russell
Frongillo, Edward A.
Parra-Medina, Deborah
Woodward-Lopez, Gail
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (HHSN268201000041C)
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 2 May 2026
Declarations
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: The Battelle Memorial Institute’s Institutional Review Board provided oversight for the study, operating under its Federal Wide Assurance No. 4696, on file with the NIH-HHS Office of Human Research Protection (OHRP). All data collection forms and protocols were approved by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB #0925–0649). Parents of all study children provided consent to participate in the research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
