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Authors
Ademiluyi, Dare D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-3924
Uthman-Akinhanmi, Yewande O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-2362
Ojo-Adalumo, Ayobami R. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6889-7322
Olubiyi, Esther D. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8048-5196
Ogunniyi, Akinade E. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1961-3214
Adepoju, Adeyinka B. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1012-7645
Akinsanya, Olubunmi B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-8463
Oyeneye, Oluwatosimi A. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3061-4548
Ajayi, Praise M.
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2026
Accepted: 29 June 2026
First Online: 6 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study involved human participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta Health Research Ethics Committee (FMCA/470/HREC/01/2023/56). All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the approving committee and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians of all participating adolescents, and written assent was obtained from the adolescents before data collection. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were ensured throughout the study.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any person’s data in an identifiable form, including images, videos, or personal identifiers.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
