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Article History

Received: 25 February 2026

Accepted: 13 July 2026

First Online: 17 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (HREC Number: IPH/OAU/12/1607). Permission was obtained from the heads of the selected schools. Informed consent was obtained from the teachers. In accordance with the Nuremberg code and the Declaration of Helsinki, the principles of informed consent, respect for participants, fair subject selection and favourable risk benefit ratio were followed. Important information on the participants’ information sheet included that the information volunteered will be kept confidential as all questionnaires were coded without names or addresses of respondents. It also emphasized that participants were free to opt-out if they were not comfortable with the information in the questionnaire. Signed consent forms were then obtained from the respondents.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. However, all authors gave consent for publication of this manuscript.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.