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Article History

Received: 2 November 2024

Accepted: 16 July 2025

First Online: 7 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee, University of Nottingham (Ethics Reference No: K13022014). It was agreed in the ethics approval, and with the British Olympic Association and the British Olympic Associations Athletes’ Commission, that implied consent would be used to avoid the use of personal signatures that could identify the GB Olympian. The letter of invitation and the participant information sheet made it explicit that by completing and returning the Olympian questionnaire, GB Olympians gave implied consent. GB Olympians were informed that if they completed and returned the Olympian questionnaire, they were consenting to have their details stored for future analysis. GB Olympians were informed that they were giving authorization for inclusion of their data in public release data sets, such as journal articles and press releases. The ELSA data are publicly available. Ethics approval for ELSA was previously provided by the NHS Research Ethics Committees under the National Research and Ethics Service (NRES). Anonymized ELSA data for the present study were provided by the UK Data Service.

: It was made explicitly clear to GB participants that by completing and returning a questionnaire, they gave implied consent for publication from the dataset. Anonymized ELSA data are publicly available from the UK Data Service.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.