Document is current

Article History

Received: 7 April 2025

Accepted: 28 October 2025

First Online: 24 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Australian Catholic University Research Ethics Committee (No: 2017–208 H). The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Each player provided written informed consent prior to participation in this study.

: Not applicable.

: Ray Breed, Rich Johnston, Jack Hickey, Nirav Maniar and Ryan Timmins declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Prof David Opar is listed as a co-inventor on a patent (PCT/AU2012/001041.2012), filed by the Queensland University of Technology (QUT), for a field-testing device of eccentric hamstring strength, which is now known commercially as the NordBord. Prof Opar has received revenue distributions from QUT based on revenue that QUT has generated through the commercialisation of his intellectual property. Prof Opar is a minority shareholder in Vald Performance Pty Ltd, the company responsible for commercialization of the NordBord, which is investigated as part of the current study. Prof Opar has received research funding from Vald Performance, for work unrelated to the current manuscript. Prof Opar was previously the Chair of the Vald Performance Research Committee, a role that was unpaid. Prof Opar has family members who are minor shareholders and/or employees of Vald Performance. Prof Opar was partly responsible for the design of the current study as well as reviewing drafts of the manuscript. A/Prof Morgan Williams, is employed by VALD Performance Pty Ltd.