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Authors
Barthelemy, Benjamin
Ravé, Guillaume
Del Coso, Juan
Saeidi, Ayoub
El Ouali, El Mokhtar
Bideau, Benoit
Granacher, Urs https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-813X
Zouhal, Hassane https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-6464
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau
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Article History
Received: 16 March 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 31 January 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol was approved by an independent French ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes SUD-MEDITERRANEE III, RIPH2G, File number: 24.02439.000431). A researcher explained the aim of the investigation, its benefits, and risks, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the onset of the experiment. Participants’ rights and confidentiality were protected during the whole experiment, and the genetic information was used only for the purposes included in this investigation. In this study involving underage football players, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians prior to participation, ensuring compliance with ethical standards for research involving minors.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
