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Authors
Evans, Lauren J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-5918
Hickey, James W. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4625-7496
Reyes, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6087-3159
Xie, Becca https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8030-5934
Gillespie-Jones, Kate https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2041-0397
Giesler, Lauren P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-6427
Shultz, Sandy R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2525-8775
O’Brien, Terence J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7198-8621
Makdissi, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0334-7133
Willmott, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-9035
Mitra, Biswadev https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-2450
O’Brien, William T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9966-0134
McDonald, Stuart J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5190-3179
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Monash University
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (#31310). All participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: SRS sits on the AFL Players Association Health, Safety, and Wellbeing Committee. MM fulfils a paid consultancy role with the Australian Football League. JR, KGJ, and CW are employed by the Australian Football League.
