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Authors
Bus, Jacinta D.
de Mol, Rudi M.
Webb, Laura E.
Bokkers, Eddie A. M.
Boumans, Iris J. M. M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Horizon 2020 (862919, 862919, 862919, 862919)
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2024
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 7 August 2025
Declarations
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: This observational study was performed on commercially-reared growing-finishing pigs, complying with relevant EU and German guidelines and regulations. As no invasive or harmful procedures were applied, ethical approval for animal experimentation was not required according to Dutch (Article 1 Wet op de Dierproeven, 2021, ) and German (Article 7 Tierschutzgesetz, 2022, ) legislation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
