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Article History

Received: 18 July 2024

Accepted: 7 January 2026

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in compliance with the animal welfare guidelines of the World Organization for Animal Health. Animal sampling was strictly performed following the guidelines established by the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Northwest A&F University in Yangling, China. Verbal and informed consent were obtained from the farm owners to collect clinical samples on their farms. The animal experiments were carried out in strict accordance with guidelines established by the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Northwest A&F University in Yangling, China. All protocols were approved by this committee (Permit Number: 2014BAD23B11). The field study did not involve endangered or protected species. No specific permissions were required for the collection of samples as they were obtained from public or non-protected areas.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.