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Article History

Received: 14 July 2021

Accepted: 3 May 2022

First Online: 23 May 2022

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the study was granted by St Mary’s University Ethics Committee (SMEC_2017-18_132) and parents and children were provided with full written information about the study before written consent and assent were obtained.

: Not applicable.

: <i>Nourish Kefir</i> supplied organic cow’s milk kefir for the study free of charge. <i>Rhythm Health</i> supplied the coconut kefir at a reduced cost for the study. AMG is an advisor for a project sponsored by Johnson’s Baby. She receives royalties for two books Nodding Off (Bloomsbury Sigma, 2018) and The Sleepy Pebble (Flying Eye, 2019). She is a regular contributor to BBC Focus magazine and has contributed to other outlets (such as The Conversation, The Guardian and Balance Magazine). She occasionally receives sample products related to sleep (e.g. blue light blocking glasses) and has given a paid talk to a business. KL previously held a paid role as Research Editor for a food allergy website and is an editor for the British Association for Nutrition and Lifestyle Medicine, Nutrition Evidence Database. She is occasionally paid, or receives hospitality, to deliver talks on her research. MT-M was previously employed by Atlas Biomed as Director of Health and Nutrition Research. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.