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Authors
Parker, Melissa J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-9296
Choong, Karen
Fox-Robichaud, Alison
Liaw, Patricia C.
Thabane, Lehana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hamilton Health Sciences (NIF 12307)
Hamilton Health Sciences (ECA 2013-2014)
Hamilton Health Sciences (RFA-2013)
Canadian Blood Services (CIHRPA201309-MP-322414)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHRPA201309-MP-322414)
Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2024
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: Approval for single-center study conduct was granted by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (HIREB) on June 4, 2013 (Project ID: 13-295). As a trial which enrolled participants experiencing an individual medical emergency, the research ethics board approved protocol included the use of an exception to consent (deferred consent) process as supported by the Canadian Tri-council policy statement guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
