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Article History

Received: 3 May 2023

Accepted: 7 August 2023

First Online: 23 August 2023

Declarations

:

: The views and contents of this article are the responsibility of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of Social & Scientific Systems Inc. (SSS), or the DLH Holdings Company, United States Agency for International Development, or the United Statesgovernment.

: The researchers sought and received permission to use the LQAS Survey datasets from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) / Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity USAID SITES project. Although the LQAS survey collects some confidential variables, no such variables were needed or used for the analysis. Therefore, the analysis didn’t involve the use of respondents’ names, village names, phone numbers, GPS coordinates or any related possible identifying information.

: Not applicable.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.