Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Sifora, Kutlwano Kimberly
De Wet-Billings, Nicole
Frade-Bekker, Sasha
Phiri, Million
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 24 December 2024
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 25 August 2025
Declarations
:
: In this study, secondary data sources were used. Permission to use DHS datasets was given by the DHS programme. The DHS data contain no personal identification for survey respondents. The South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Ethics Committee and the ICF Institutional Review Board approved the 2016 DHS Biomarker and survey protocols for South Africa. Therefore, all techniques used for gathering data were compliant with applicable guidelines and ethical standards. All participants who were enrolled in the DHS and older than 18 years had to give their informed consent during enumeration, according to DHS regulations. Furthermore, before the legal minors were asked for their consent, the parents or guardians of every participant between the ages of 15 and 17 provided informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
