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Authors
Hossain, Md. Aslam
Arafat, Md. Yeasin
Saha, Bristi Rani
Mothashin, Md.
. Al Mamun, Abu Sayed Md
Hossain, Md. Golam
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: The present study was based on secondary analysis of publicly available data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Ethical approval for the original data collection was obtained by the DHS Program; therefore, no additional ethical approval was required for this study. As the authors did not directly engage with human participants, adherence to specific ethical guidelines, such as the Declaration of Helsinki, is not applicable to this secondary data analysis. The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) obtained written informed consent from all participants prior to data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
