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Authors
Cao, Zhoubin
Wang, Jian
Pang, Naidong
Lin, Yingxiang
Liu, Xingpeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270325)
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was granted ethical approval by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015 for household survey and IRB00001052-11014 for blood sample), and all participants provided informed written consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
