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Article History

Received: 19 August 2025

Accepted: 24 November 2025

First Online: 7 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology. The requirement for written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and use of de-identified patient data. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.