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Article History

Received: 17 January 2024

Accepted: 4 July 2024

First Online: 15 July 2024

Declarations

:

: Permission to trap and mark voles was given by the Norwegian Environment Agency. A full-scale project with an adequate, but minimum, number of animals to allow statistical testing was not approved by the Norwegian Ethical Committee at the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet), who recommended and approved that a pilot study was made first. The present study is only the pilot, while another application for a full-scale project will not be made. This study was made in accordance with the Norwegian legislation “Forskrift om bruk av dyr i forsøk” (, in Norwegian only).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.