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Authors
Park, Seyoung https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6254-8129
Nam, Hyun-Young https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-7713
Kang, Hwayeon https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8713-5655
Seo, Seulgi
Han, Sejeong
Choi, Chang-Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-7957
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022R1I1A1A01069923, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07050135)
Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (Grant number 122062–2)
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Article History
Received: 10 August 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: All fieldwork was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Seoul National University (protocol no. SNU IACUC-221013-5) and conducted under permits from the local government (permission no. 2022-32, 2023-40 by the Ongjin County Office). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
