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Authors
Chen, Fengxin
Yu, Jinming
Sun, Jia
Wang, Weiliang
Liu, Kaiping
Hao, Tianyun
Li, Cunyuan
Ni, Wei
Hu, Shengwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program (2022xjkk1202 and 2022xjkk0804)
Tianshan Talent Project (2022TSYCCX0125 and 2023TSYCJU0010)
Tianshan Talent innovation team (2023TSYCTD0021)
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by The Ethics Committee of Shihezi University[A2023-244]. Field research and sample collection were conducted under the scientific research letter issued by the Third Comprehensive Scientific Investigation in Xinjiang and were carried out in cooperation with the management staff of the respective nature reserves (Lop Nur Wild Camel Nature Reserve, Gansu Annanba Wild Camel Nature Reserve, and Wuwei Abandoned Animal Protection Center). All field procedures complied with local laws and regulations. The majority of samples were obtained non-invasively from animal feces. The remainder were collected from animals that died of natural causes. Our procedures for handling these samples were in accordance with the guiding principles for animal use in research (Russell, W. M. S. (2004). The use of non-human animals in research: a guide for scientists. Altern Lab Anim 32: 119–120).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
