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Article History

Received: 9 July 2024

Accepted: 3 February 2025

First Online: 24 March 2025

Declarations

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: Rigorous ethical considerations were conducted before data collection. This research adheres fully to the principle of voluntary participation. Before the commencement of classroom observations, participants are thoroughly informed about the primary objectives of the study and are required to sign an informed consent form, thereby indicating their consent to take part. Participants retain the right to opt out of the study at any stage during the observation process. All data and information gathered are subject to stringent confidentiality protocols and are pledged to be utilized exclusively for the purposes of this research. We have submitted an application for ethical review to the Ethics Committee of Sinakharinwirot University and have successfully obtained approval from the institutional review board.

: The authors declare no competing interests.