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Authors
Arfiandhani, Puput
Takeuchi, Osamu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22KJ3049)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Accepted: 3 March 2025
First Online: 31 March 2025
Declarations
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: Prior to conducting this study, ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Graduate School of Foreign Language Education and Research, Kansai University. All research procedures adhered to the ethical principles. Participants were informed about the research prior to taking decision to participate in the study. They provided their written informed consent before filling out the questionnaires in the present study.
: Not applicable.
: This article is a part of the corresponding author’s doctoral thesis research at the Graduate School of Foreign Language Education and Research, Kansai University, during which she was also a JSPS DC-2 Fellow (2022–2024). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
