Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 March 2025

Accepted: 22 September 2025

First Online: 2 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All participants provided informed consent before taking part in the study. They were informed about the purpose of the research, their right to withdraw at any time, and the confidentiality of their responses. By completing the survey, they consented to participate voluntarily.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical research guidelines of Hue University and adhered to general ethical principles for educational research. Formal ethical approval was not sought as the study did not involve sensitive data or interventions with human participants.