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Authors
Mekheimer, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-0993
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beni Suef University
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Education, Beni-Suef University, which deemed the study exempt from formal ethical review (Ref. # BSU-FoE-001–09-2024). This exemption was granted based on guidelines from the Supreme Council of Universities in Egypt, as the research involved standard educational practices with adult learners and did not involve sensitive personal data or vulnerable subjects. All participants were provided with a detailed information sheet and gave their written informed consent prior to their participation. Participants were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
: The author declares no competing interests.
