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Authors
Zhu, Wenhui
Lee, Sun-Hee
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project 2025 (GD25CZY06)
the Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Southern University of Science and Technology. (SJZLGC202448)
Cyber Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Research Fund of 2025.
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by University of Auckland Human Participants Ethics Committee. We have obtained the necessary ethical approval and ensured that all participants provided informed consent. We have ensured that all participants provided written informed consent and had the right to withdraw from the study at any time. The collection and processing of research data were in accordance with privacy protection principles, and all personally identifiable information has been removed or encrypted.
: The Author confirms: that the work described has not been published before in its present analytical focus and theoretical framing, although portions of the dataset were previously reported in Zhu et al. ( ), which is explicitly acknowledged in the manuscript (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any; that its publication has been approved (tacitly or explicitly) by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work is carried out. The copyright is transferred when the article is accepted for publication. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this consent. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature. After submission of the agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted by Springer.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
