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Article History

Received: 15 January 2026

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 29 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved human participants. Ethical approval and informed consent to participate were obtained in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines.

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Internal Review Board (IRB) of An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine (Approval No. MAS; 2 November 2025).

: Informed consent was obtained from all human participants prior to their participation in the study. All participants were informed about the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without academic or personal consequences.

: The authors declare no competing interests.