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Article History

Received: 17 October 2024

Accepted: 30 July 2025

First Online: 6 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Lebanese American University Institutional Review Board. All participants in this study provided their voluntary and informed consent to participate. Verbal consent was obtained prior to each interview or testimony, with the study purpose, confidentiality measures, and participants’ rights (including the right to withdraw at any time without consequence) clearly explained. Due to the sensitive nature of the topics discussed and participants’ preferences, written consent was not required; instead, verbal consent was documented and re-confirmed prior to the sharing of any personal testimonies. This process adhered to ethical research standards for working with displaced and vulnerable populations.

: The authors declare no competing interests.