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Article History

Received: 28 February 2025

Accepted: 13 June 2025

First Online: 1 August 2025

Declarations

:

: For both work packages, PPI was conducted before the submission for ethical approval, in line with NIHR guidance (e.g. ). This stipulates that patient and public involvement should inform research questions or research design, and sources opinions from patients but does not involve collection of data.The two different work packages of the AGAIN study received the following ethical approvals:• Work package 1 received a favourable opinion from the Proportionate Review Subcommittee of the NHS South Central-Berkshire Research Ethics Committee on 10 March 2021 (REC reference: 21/SC/0085). Full ethical approval from the Health Research Authority was granted on 23 March 2021 (IRAS Project ID: 287824).• Work package 2 received a favourable opinion from the Proportionate Review Subcommittee of the NHS South Central-Berkshire Research Ethics Committee on 7 March 2023 (REC reference: 23/PR/0192). Full ethical approval from the Health Research Authority was granted on 14 March 2023 (IRAS Project ID: 324854).

: Not applicable. As discussed above under Ethics approval, our PPI work did not involve collection of raw data.

: Jamie Enoch, David Matthews, Arevik Ghulakhszian, Mandeep Sekhon and Tamsin Callaghan declare that they have no competing interests. Christiana Dinah has served on advisory boards for AbbVie, Ora Clinical, Roche, Bayer, Ocular Therapeutix, Eyepoint Limited, Alimera Sciences, Boeheinger Ingelheim, Astellas and Apellis. CD is on the scientific advisory board for Ora Clinical, has received speaker fees from Roche, Bayer and AbbVie, and holds research grants from Apellis, Roche and Topcon Ltd. David P Crabb reports grants from Roche, grants and personal fees from Santen, grants and personal fees from Apellis, grants from Allergan, personal fees from Thea, personal fees from Bayer and personal fees from Centervue, outside the submitted work. DPC receives funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant 116076 (Macustar). This joint undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). The communication reflects the author’s view and that neither IMI nor the European Union, EFPIA, or any Associated Partners are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Deanna J Taylor reports a research grant from Apellis. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work. The conflicts of interest reported will not influence the data collection, analysis, and reporting of research findings.