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Authors
Clayton, David C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-9138
Hadjiconstantinou, Michelle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-0988
NG, André G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-0671
Andrade, Pamela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2457-4848
Bell, Jo https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0693-3225
Eyitemi, Fola-Dami https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1598-8318
Hobson, Rachel
Masood, Asad https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7355-9253
Panagi, Marios https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-2922
Raza, Asad
Tonga, Eda https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-9537
Worboys, Hannah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3958-0180
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Kadam, Umesh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-2977
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Space Agency (133105/20/NL/AF)
University of Leicester
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval is not required for PPI representatives acting as research partners. P-STEP users were not acting as research subjects but as advisers contributing their knowledge and expertise by experience to the design of P-STEP.
: Consent was granted for the photos, which are presented in the additional files. As this manuscript describes the development process of the P-STEP project and does not present participant data, consent was not obtained for the PPI activities. For this reason, as we are presenting the development process based on PPI activities, we also believe it would not be appropriate to outline the characteristics of the users.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
