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Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) in methodological research: exploring challenges, tensions and learning from the perspectives of PPIE and researchers in the Realist Economic Evaluation Methods (REEM) study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-026-00956-8

Published Online: 2026-09-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Fletcher, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-2968
Rook, Violet

Mountain, Susan

Shenton, Felicity

Fenocchi, Linda

Kumar, Meghan Bruce

Dalkin, Sonia

Bate, Angela

Hunter, Rebecca
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR135102)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-09-04

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Article History

Received: 21 April 2026

Accepted: 12 August 2026

First Online: 4 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for the REEM study, including for the production of this article was obtained from the Faculty Research Ethics Committee at Northumbria University (Project #1673) on 25 January 2023.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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