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Authors
Deng, Yiwen
Zhao, Hongli
Chen, Jianguo
Zhang, Zexin
Wang, Peixu
Wang, Senmao
Luan, Wenkang
Yu, Xiaobo
Lin, Lin
Pan, Bo
Jiang, Haiyue
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3332025167)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3332024055)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7254412)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7262104)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-C&T-B-076)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-1-052)
National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFA1107800)
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Article History
Received: 31 January 2026
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and obtained approval from the Institutional Research Ethics Board of Plastic Surgery Hospital of Peking Union Medical College (Approval No. 2024-381).
: All participants and their guardians have received informed consent and signed informed consent consent forms. The patient or the patient’s guardian has provided consent for the publication of their own face or a photo featuring a distinctive physical characteristic.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
