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Authors
Arnal, Leo
Mesfin, Yeabsira
Xu, Christine
Salvi, Anish
Mishra, Kapil
Ludwig, Chase A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Eye Institute K23 Grant (K23EY035741)
E. Matlida Ziegler Foundation for the Blind
P30 Vision Research Core Grant (NEI P30-EY026877)
Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee ruled that approval and patient consent were not required for this study due to the use of anonymized, aggregated patient data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
