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Article History

Received: 13 July 2025

Accepted: 25 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is a meta-analysis and does not involve the collection of new or original data from human or animal subjects. We obtained all the data used from previously published studies that had received appropriate ethical approval from their respective institutional review boards or ethics committees. As such, this work did not require additional ethical approval or informed consent. The authors affirm that the meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the principles of ethical research, including transparency, data integrity, and proper attribution to the original sources. Any personal or sensitive information contained in the source studies was already anonymized, and no individual-level data were used or reported in this analysis.

: All authors report that no relationships constitute (or present) conflicts of interest. All authors take responsibility for all aspects of the reliability and freedom from bias of the data they present and the interpretation they discuss. We registered the protocol for this meta-analysis on PROSPERO on July 11, 2024, under protocol #CRD42024568314 .

: The authors declare no competing interests.