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Article History

Received: 10 August 2025

Accepted: 15 January 2026

First Online: 21 February 2026

Ethics declarations

:

: This was a retrospective multicenter study that adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional review board approval was obtained at each participating center, if specifically required for a retrospective study.

: Patients signed an informed consent form if required for a retrospective study as determined by the institutional review board.

: L Wu (Roche C, L; Bayer C, L; Lumibird Medical C, L; Apellis C; Astellas C; Ocular Therapeutix C); S Rojas (Norlase L; Iridex L; Heidelberg Engineering L); X Rao (None); M Politis (None); JA Roca (Alcon L, AbbVie L, Bayer L, Lumibird L, Roche L); M Nehemy (Alcon L; Apellis; Bayer L; Janssen L; Astellas L; IQVIA L; Roche L); MH Berrocal (Genentech C, L; Alcon C, L; Lumibird L; Neurotech C); J Fromow-Guerra (Roche L; Bayer L; Industria Oftalmica SA L); K Barraza (Roche L; Iridex L; Heidelberg Engineering L); C Lopez (None); M Maia; A Cardenas (Bayer L, Roche L); G Gabela Alcon L, Roche L, Bayer L, Laboratorios Sophia (L); O Baldivieso-Hurtado (None); C Gabela (Bayer L, Roche L); L Chinchilla (Roche L); JI Verdaguer (None); M Zas (Alcon L; Bayer L; Abbvie L; Roche C, L; Novo Nordisk L); M Young (None); G Garcia-Aguirre (Alcon C, L; Abbvie C, L; Bayer C, L; Nidek C, L; Roche Genentech C, L, S); A Ramirez-Estudillo (Alcon L; Bayer L; Roche L); M Flores (None); N Abreu (Alcon L, Norlase L, Roche L); W Velez (None); Y Baez (Roche L; Nidek L); A Arriola (None); M Casella (Roche L, Zeiss L, Alcon L).