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Article History

Received: 8 May 2026

Accepted: 6 July 2026

First Online: 15 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective, multicenter observational study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kobe University Hospital (approval number: B250205). Given the retrospective design, the requirement for written informed consent was waived in favor of an opt-out procedure via public disclosure on the institutional website.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process: During the preparation of this work, the authors used DeepL and Grammarly to assist with translation from Japanese to English and to perform grammar checking, respectively. After using these tools, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.